{"id":14347459,"date":"2026-07-15T14:19:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T07:19:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/?p=14347459"},"modified":"2026-07-21T11:10:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T04:10:46","slug":"giai-ma-tam-ly-hoc-trong-bao-ho-lao-dong-phia-sau-chiec-mu-cong-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/giai-ma-tam-ly-hoc-trong-bao-ho-lao-dong-phia-sau-chiec-mu-cong-trinh\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng – Ph\u00eda sau chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u1ee9ng, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ph\u1ea3n quang hay \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y m\u0169i th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/a> d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp hay \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: T\u1ea1i sao d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u1eabn “qu\u00ean” trang b\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ph\u00eda sau.<\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd Peltzman v\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby mang t\u00ean b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> “An to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i”<\/h3>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltzman (\u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc Sam Peltzman). Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peltzman ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/a>, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 h\u00e0n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng thao t\u00e1c nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1t khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

\"b\u1ea3o

khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed li\u1ec1u l\u0129nh h\u01a1n<\/p><\/div>\n

H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> v\u1eadt l\u00fd m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ef1 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0nh vi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc b\u1eaby t\u00e2m l\u00fd nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

R\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u1eeb th\u00f3i quen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn “T\u00f4i l\u00e0m m\u00e3i c\u00f3 sao \u0111\u00e2u”<\/h3>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltzman, t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi v\u0103n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/a> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5y v\u1eabn mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00edu, n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2m ni\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c 5 n\u0103m ho\u1eb7c 10 n\u0103m m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p tai n\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c quan” (optimism bias) s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin r\u1eb1ng tai n\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng “T\u00f4i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0y m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m nay c\u00f3 sao \u0111\u00e2u”<\/i> ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai an to\u00e0n. Khi t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, chi\u1ebfc k\u00ednh hay g\u0103ng tay b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> s\u1ebd l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1ecb th\u00e1o b\u1ecf ngay khi c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean v\u1eeba quay \u0111i, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

Bi\u1ebfn “B\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c” th\u00e0nh “T\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p”<\/h3>\n

V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1ch doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0 duy cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Thay v\u00ec bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t kh\u00f4 khan, h\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\"b\u1ea3o

thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng<\/p><\/div>\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p mang t\u00ednh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ea3m x\u00fac. Thay v\u00ec kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “Kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t”<\/i>, h\u00e3y chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh “M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 v\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111ang ch\u1edd b\u1ea1n”<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea7n lao c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb “b\u1ecb b\u1eaft” sang “t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n”.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/a> hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Khi chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y \u00eam h\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t h\u01a1n, r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi k\u1ebft<\/h3>\n

Suy cho c\u00f9ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/a> t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y b\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c n\u1eb1m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng Peltzman hay thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c quan s\u1ebd gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0103n h\u00f3a an to\u00e0n, n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 c\u1ee9ng, chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o ph\u1ea3n quang hay \u0111\u00f4i gi\u00e0y m\u0169i th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 quen thu\u1ed9c. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt: c\u00e1c ti\u00eau… Xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14347462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2495],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14347459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bao-ho-lao-dong"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14347459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14347459"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14347459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14347463,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14347459\/revisions\/14347463"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media\/14347462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14347459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14347459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14347459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}