{"id":6244986,"date":"2021-10-29T07:07:52","date_gmt":"2021-10-29T07:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yp.vn\/?p=6244986"},"modified":"2021-10-29T14:07:52","modified_gmt":"2021-10-29T07:07:52","slug":"tong-quan-ve-he-thong-ngan-hang-tai-viet-nam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/tong-quan-ve-he-thong-ngan-hang-tai-viet-nam\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 06\/05\/1951. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1990, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kinh doanh. NHNN v\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/a>. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1990, do nhu c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kinh doanh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a sang c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf\u0111a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ng\u00e0y 23\/05\/1990, H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Nh\u00e0 N\u01b0\u1edbc ban h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Hai ph\u00e1p l\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hai c\u1ea5p. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a NHNN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef ngo\u1ea1i h\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t, trong khi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng trung gian t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (huy \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/a> n\u0103m 1990 \u0111\u00e3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng TMCP (NHTMCP) \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991-1993, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NHTMCP nh\u1ea3y v\u1ecdt t\u1eeb 4 ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 41 ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 51 ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997. Sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 1997, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 NHTMCP do kinh doanh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c r\u00fat gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2000 \u2013 2007, l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp, h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c NHTMCP y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh. Do \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n ha\u0300ng TMCP \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 1990. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c chi nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gia t\u0103ng theo c\u00e1c cam k\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t-M\u1ef9, hi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ecbnh khung v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (AFAS) c\u1ee7a ASEAN.\u00a0K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng NHTMCP gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh cao 73% \u1edf n\u0103m 1993 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 40% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 2009, do hai ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (NHTMNN) l\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n n\u00ean t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 42% n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0 43% n\u0103m 2009 so v\u1edbi to\u00e0n ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/a> nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n NHTMNN \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean 7 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng trong n\u0103m 2015. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c NHTMNN, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng: NHTMCP Ngo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng (VCB), NHTMCP C\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng (CTG), NHTMCP \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam (BIDV), NH N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n N\u00f4ng th\u00f4n (Agribank). C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng TNHH MTV D\u1ea7u kh\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (GP Bank), Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng TNHH MTV \u0110\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng TNHH MTV X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc (NHNN), ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 ph\u1ea7n (NHTMCP), chi nh\u00e1nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (CNNHNN) v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng li\u00ean doanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3ng c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2009-2015 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/p>\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a NHNN<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Nguy\u1ec5n Thu Nga (2017). Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa r\u1ee7i ro t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c NHTMCP Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 kinh t\u1ebf. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Kinh t\u1ebf Qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n.<\/li>\n
  2. Berger, A. N., De Young, R. (1997), \u2018Problem loans and cost efficiency in commercial Banks\u2019, Journal of Banking And Finance, (21) 6, pp. 849-870.<\/li>\n
  3. Williams, J., ( 2004), \u2018Determining management behaviour in European Banking\u2019 Journal of Banking and Finance 28, pp. 2427-2460.<\/li>\n
  4. Rossi, S., Schwaiger, M., and Winkler, G. (2005), \u2018Managerial Behaviour and Cost\/Profit Efficiency in the Banking Sectors of Central and Eastern European Countries\u2019, Working Paper, No. 96, Austrian National Bank.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ngu\u1ed3n: ditiep.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 06\/05\/1951. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1990, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c… Xem b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":175,"featured_media":6244990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ep_exclude_from_search":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2499],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6244986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-chinh-ngan-hang"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/users\/175"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6244986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6244986\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media\/6244990"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6244986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6244986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yp.com.vn\/KmOMlj66m\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6244986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}